Before we dig in, if you are ever really hungry in an active combat zone, DON’T DO THIS!!!
Hunters become the hunted.
russian occupiers are trying to hunt a hare within sight of the optical night vision of a Ukrainian sniper. pic.twitter.com/tXUyq9qGD8— Defense of Ukraine (@DefenceU) November 27, 2022
The reason the Russians are doing something this stupid is because the conscripts are not being properly supplied in terms of food and winter gear. I’m not going to post it, but I’ve seen video footage of Russian soldiers, most likely conscripts, dead where they lay with no visible wounds. Most likely they died of a combination of freezing to death and hunger. A terrible way to die in service of a terrible strategy and a terrible policy made by terrible people who have no care for anyone but themselves.
Here is President Zelenskyy’s address from earlier today. Video below, English transcript after the jump:
Good health to you, fellow Ukrainians!
Another week of full-scale war is coming to an end – a week in which we accomplished a lot. All together. Thanks to our unity.
After the massive terrorist attack last Wednesday, we have been restoring electricity generation and supply day after day.
As of today, in most regions of the country, only stabilization schedules of shutdowns are in effect. The situation is under control by the energy workers.
And for that, I am thankful to the thousands of people who worked round the clock all over our state to restore light, water, heat and communication. I thank all the employees of energy companies, utility services, repair crews, regional authorities and leaders of local communities who helped. I would also like to thank the businesses that participated.
Ukrainian unity again and again demonstrates its strength, demonstrates our effectiveness.
I thank all Ukrainian entrepreneurs who are now making their offices, branches, cafes and other facilities new Points of Invincibility. Who do everything to help people.
We understand that terrorists are preparing new strikes. We know that for sure. And as long as they have missiles, they won’t stop, unfortunately.
But our ability to help each other and take care of the most vulnerable – the elderly, families with children, those who lost homes and relatives in the war – our mutual assistance is one of the elements of protection against terror and our strength.
The upcoming week can be as hard as the one that passes. Our Defense Forces are preparing. The whole state is preparing. We work out all scenarios, including with our partners.
And our unity must be ready. So please do not leave without help those whom you can help. And please pay attention to the air alerts during the week.
Together and helping each other we will pass this challenge of war as well: this winter, this Russia’s attempt to use the cold against people.
The situation at the front remains very difficult. And most of all – in the Donetsk region, as in previous weeks.
I want to thank all our warriors, all our heroes for their resilience today!
To endure now and defend ourselves now is to endure and defend ourselves for generations to come for all Ukrainians throughout our beautiful land.
We are doing and will do everything possible to strengthen our defense. We are doing and will do everything to hold Russia accountable for this war, for this terror.
And in order to achieve these results, there will be new important steps in the upcoming week.
I thank all our partners who help us! I am grateful to every leader who perceives the defense of Ukraine as the defense of freedom and security for his country as well!
Together we will endure everything. I’m sure of that!
Glory to Ukraine!
Here is former NAVDEVGRU Squadron Leader Chuck Pfarrer’s most recent assessment of the situation in Izium:
IZIUM AXIS/ 1400 UTC 27 NOV/ UKR remains within rifle range of a 20 KM section of the P-66 HWY. Concentrations of enemy troops and HQ elements are identified by UKR Partisans and rapidly interdicted by artillery and missile units of the UKR military. pic.twitter.com/ojc3SwiYt9
— Chuck Pfarrer | Indications & Warnings | (@ChuckPfarrer) November 27, 2022
Ukraine is taking in lots of POWs:
When the Geneva Convention of 1948 becomes the only hope for salvation for russian occupiers. pic.twitter.com/8oITupYsCk
— Defense of Ukraine (@DefenceU) November 27, 2022
Video of the Russian convict who was getting kicked out of his trenches. As I understand, he was guided to Ukrainian positions with a drone to surrender. The Ukrainians questioning him also mention dropping radios to other convicts to guide them, but few agree. pic.twitter.com/1cv5TEIDNj
— Dmitri (@wartranslated) November 26, 2022
When life imitates art or something…
In anticipation of Christmas, a smiling Himars collects occupiers under Christmas trees. pic.twitter.com/ZIy6SzsMut
— Defense of Ukraine (@DefenceU) November 27, 2022
Tallyho!
In 1918, one of the greatest modern aircraft designers, Igor Sikorsky from Kyiv, was forced by the Bolshevik coup to move to the United States. A century later, the Sikorsky S-61 Sea King helicopters invented with his genius will defend his native land. pic.twitter.com/bz8rosej1J
— Defense of Ukraine (@DefenceU) November 27, 2022
Here's a video posted by @ItsBorys of Ukrainian soldiers evacuating an older lady from an area that was shelled by Russian Grads, with captions added. pic.twitter.com/U93F4a4UQQ
— Dmitri (@wartranslated) November 27, 2022
Circling back to the lack of proper provisioning for the Russian conscripts:
While kadyrovites have full stomachs the mobiks are starved. No wonder coordinates are sold for food.
Serpukhov mobiks show the food their command was hiding from them – 9GAG https://t.co/lq16To6pdh
— Edward Murrow – Disruptor (@EdwardMurrow666) November 26, 2022
We can confirm. Regular mobiks are so mad at officers/kadyrovites who are staying far from action, that they are selling either coordinates of command centres or confirmation whether our hits have been successful. https://t.co/fTweFSfud1
— Georgian Legion (@georgian_legion) November 26, 2022
The video with the subtitles is at this link.
Captain (ret) Scott Kelly is in Ukraine trying to raise funds for more generators:
On Kyiv’s Sophia Square tonight, I passed @StationCDRKelly, @usykaa, and @jksheva7 filming an ad for a fundraiser to purchase generators for hospitals throughout Ukraine, which are increasingly needed as Russia steps up missile and drone attacks on infrastructure. pic.twitter.com/XPxva1hSBX
— Christopher Miller (@ChristopherJM) November 27, 2022
He could use a bit better OPSEC!
— Scott Kelly (@StationCDRKelly) November 27, 2022
Here is a very interesting thread, via The Thread Reader App, from John Ridge regarding Russia’s burn rate for missiles and rockets:
A 🧵with some detailed takeaways from this infographic and some of my thoughts:
0/nA) No numbers are provided for Iskander-K (9M728/9M729 [SS-C-7/SS-C-8]) ground-launched cruise missiles (GLCMs), the Kh-59 [AS-13 Kingbolt/AS-18 Kazoo] air-to-surface missiles, or the Tochka-U [SS-21 Scarab-B] ballistic missiles (BMs).
1/15B) 🇷🇺 is averaging production of 26-28 units of cruise missiles per month (50/50 Kh-101 [AS-23 Kodiak] and 3M-14T/K Kalibr [SS-N-30A])
C) 🇷🇺 is averaging production of ~5 units of Iskander-M [SS-26 Stone] BMs per month. This is consistent with other independent estimates.
2/15D) 🇷🇺 is averaging production of 1-2 units of Kh-47M2 Kinzhal [AS-24 Killjoy] per month and has replenished all units expended
E) 🇷🇺 has expended ~16 Kinzhals. This is more than I thought as I had only seen references to 4 Kinzhal strikes, one of which was a dud on launch.
3/15F) 🇷🇺 has used the Kh-35 [AS-20 Kayak/SS-C-6 Sennight/SS-N-25 Switchblade] extensively in a land-attack role, which is news to me. The Kh-35 is an anti-shipping missile (AShM) with a secondary land-attack capability. 🇺🇦’s R-360 Neptun AShM is derived from the Kh-35.
4/15G) 🇷🇺 seems to have surprisingly robust Kh-35 production, averaging ~40 units per month, and they have been able to replace all units expended thus far.
5/15H) There is no production of new Kh-555 [AS-15 Kent-C] units. This seems consistent with the notion that they are upgraded from Kh-55 [AS-15 Kent] units. The lack of noted production may also indicate that 🇷🇺 is no longer actively upgrading Kh-55 units to Kh-555s.
6/15I) 🇷🇺 has a larger inventory and expended fewer units of 3M55 Oniks [SS-N-16 Strobile], a supersonic AShM, than I expected. Perhaps it’s an indicator of poor performance in land-attack, presumably due to an ill-suited terminal guidance system (just INS + ARH/PRH)?
7/15J) 🇷🇺 seems to be holding a number of units of Kh-22/32 [AS-4 Kitchen] supersonic AShMs in reserve for whatever reason. Not sure what the reasoning is. Perhaps poor performance as a result of a severe lack of precision in a land-attack role?
8/15K) Standard Cruise/Ballistic Missile Inventory: IF these numbers are accurate, 🇷🇺 only has ~500 total Kh-101s, Kh-555s, and Kalibrs left. IOW, 🇷🇺 only has ~500 of its standard cruise missiles currently in inventory. That becomes ~620 if we include the Kh-22/32s.
9/15For ballistic missiles, 🇷🇺 only has a total of ~160 left (~120 Iskander-Ms & ~40 Kinzhals). That gives ~780 total standoff munitions based on this figure. This is almost certainly an undercount due to Iskander-K numbers not being included.
10/15For a more conservative estimate, I would round to ~1,000 land-attack standoff munitions (assuming ~120 Iskander-K GLCMs plus a fudge factor of 100 units of arbitrary munitions). There is also the matter of the Kh-59s, so the actual number may be somewhat greater.
11/15L) I’m skeptical that we will see significant future use of 🇷🇺’s remaining inventory of Iskander-Ms and Kinzhals. I suspect that 🇷🇺 will withhold most of them as part of a minimum strategic reserve to preserve their capabilities as part of their tactical nuclear triad.
12/15M) If these numbers are accurate, the upshot of K and L is that it seems 🇷🇺 does not have the capability to launch many more saturation strikes against 🇺🇦. Based on the Nov. 15 strikes, it takes at least 100 CMs for 🇷🇺 to achieve any degree of saturation of 🇺🇦 AD.
13/15Even with ~100 CMs, saturation was minimal as 🇺🇦 intercepted 80-85%, a small decrease compared to the usual 90-95%. So unless 🇷🇺 just accepts 90-95% intercepted, they will have to use 100+ CMs to attempt saturation. But 🇷🇺 inventory can only support 5-6 more such strikes.
14/15
I think that’s enough for tonight.
Your daily Patron!
To live in Ukraine is to know that tomorrow, there may be another attack on the power system. Buy candles, and pull out all the blankets. Call grandparents and ask if they need to bring water. But smile, donate, help and believe in victory. I love this country ❤️ pic.twitter.com/dbTwhGC2zz
— Patron (@PatronDsns) November 27, 2022
While we got a new tweet tonight, there is no new video at Patron’s official TikTok. So you’ll have to settle for this stuff:
Big))#Ukraine️ #RussiaisATerroistState #RussiaUkraineWar #CatsOfTwitter #CatsOnTwitter #Bakhmut #armedForces #Nikopol
#NewYork #Zaporizhzia #Kyiv #ukrainecounteroffensive#KhersonisUkraine #Biden pic.twitter.com/sCVOW2W387— UkrARMY cats & dogs (@UAarmy_animals) November 27, 2022
Hi.#Ukraine️ #RussiaisATerroistState #RussiaUkraineWar #CatsOfTwitter #CatsOnTwitter #Bakhmut #armedForces #Nikopol
#NewYork #Zaporizhzia #Kyiv #ukrainecounteroffensive#KhersonisUkraine #Biden pic.twitter.com/f9BkkvXpty— UkrARMY cats & dogs (@UAarmy_animals) November 27, 2022
☺️#Ukraine️ #RussiaisATerroistState #RussiaUkraineWar #CatsOfTwitter #CatsOnTwitter #Bakhmut #armedForces #Nikopol
#NewYork #Zaporizhzia #Kyiv #ukrainecounteroffensive#KhersonisUkraine #Biden pic.twitter.com/VI8xwayYSx— UkrARMY cats & dogs (@UAarmy_animals) November 27, 2022
Helena from Project Lyta is on site in Ukraine! And she has a tactical cat!
Cats.#Ukraine️ #RussiaisATerroistState #RussiaUkraineWar #CatsOfTwitter #CatsOnTwitter #Bakhmut #armedForces #Nikopol
#NewYork #Zaporizhzia #Kyiv #ukrainecounteroffensive#KhersonisUkraine #Biden pic.twitter.com/ZqxhBFCRCg— UkrARMY cats & dogs (@UAarmy_animals) November 25, 2022
Orphan Black was, apparently, a documentary…
Open thread!
Alison Rose
Indeed. And honestly at times it seems like they have no care for themselves, either.
That Granny is amazing. “The mood is fighting, mate! In spite of everything.” Yet another awesome person in a country full of them.
This Kvartal 95 song was really nice, especially since it mentions putin in The Hague. A beautiful thought, indeed!
Thank you as always, Adam. Especially for the extra cats.
RobertDSC-Mac Mini
Such a great series. I still have Funko Pops on my desk from that show.
On one hand, I just can’t imagine what those conscripts are thinking, suffering as they are. But on the other hand, ejecting them from Ukrainian territory, one way or another, is the goal.
David 🦃The Establishment🥧 Koch
Freeze gopher!
Ksmiami
Donated w captain Kelly. Russia needs to be punished and rebuilt from scratch
Another Scott
Thanks for the John A Ridge thread. He seems to be an SMU undergrad (’24). !!!
There have been noises in the news that russia may be preparing to leave the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant. I see that it’s on the left bank of the river, so that would be big news. ISW’s interactive map shows that the plant area has had “Reported Ukrainian Partisan Warfare”, so if they are packing to leave the partisans would have a very big victory.
Fingers crossed.
Cheers,
Scott.
West of the Rockies
Anyone seen the vid (DailyKos) of zombie Russian troops barely reacting to a bomb being dropped in their foxhole? They seem to be in very bad way.
phdesmond
thanks again, Adam, for your wide-ranging research from which we benefit every night.
lashonharangue
Thanks Adam for your continuing efforts. Dumb question from someone with no military experience – how do the mobiks know the coordinates of their command centers further in the rear? And how would they be able to communicate that to UKR military?
Carlo Graziani
@Another Scott: Wow.
wombat probabilty cloud
Surrender videos were powerful. Will now transition from donating to Kelly’s campaign [insert big sigh of relief] to the generators. I’ve been wondering about the missile math. Thanks so much, Adam!
Urza
@West of the Rockies: I was watching that earlier. I’ve had some seriously unmotivated days in my life but you have to be in awful shape to ignore the cold and bombs dropping on you and barely even move. Russian mothers should be taking up arms against the Kremlin in numbers larger than the current military over that.
Ksmiami
@West of the Rockies: hypothermia… I’d feel bad, but Russians need to step up
Jay
featheredsprite
@West of the Rockies: Yes, I saw it. Very sad.
Is Putin engaging in some ethnic cleansing?
Jay
https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/2126845507765
“Chef José Andrés of the World Central Kitchen speaks with Rosemary Barton Live about his efforts to feed millions of Ukrainians and bring them hope through food. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy awarded the chef the country’s Order of Merit.’
West of the Rockies
@featheredsprite:
I am beyond stupefied that the Russians evidently care so little for their own. Surely the vid is somehow being presented to Russians on some tentacle of the intertubes.
Bill Arnold
That Defense of Ukraine video on surrender procedures is good. I noticed that it makes a point of saying that Russians, unlike Ukrainians, do not have proper training in the rules of war. (Carlo described it here. I am fairly sure that the lack of such training in Russia’s armed forces is quite deliberate, though.)
While poking, found these. The thesis/third link is very long; I just did keyword searches on it.
The ICRC on International Humanitarian Law and Russia:
https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/v2_cou_ru
Via a book review:
Russia’s Approaches to International Humanitarian Law (13.04.2022, Caroline von Gall)
Russian Contributions to International Humanitarian Law / Part II: Russia’s Contemporary Approach to IHL (Using google translate in Chrome!)
(Russian Contributions to International Humanitarian Law, Michael Riepl, A contrastive analysis of Russia’s historical role and its current practice)
Chetan Murthy
@West of the Rockies: I just hope that these poor Russian soldiers do the self-preservative thing, and *surrender*. If they also give up some coordinates of command nodes, hey, that’s gravy. But if they’ll just *surrender*, they’ll save themselves and shorten the war. Three hots and a cot, ffs.
Carlo Graziani
ISW has an analysis of the Russian defensive preparations in Kherson oblast, and what it implies about Russian expectations about the near future of the war. It is very good.
Gin & Tonic
Here’s a good Twitter thread about what it’s like living in Kyiv these days:
Sister Golden Bear
@Urza: They were likely in the severe stages of hypothermia where your brain literally starts shutting down.
Jay
zhena gogolia
@Gin & Tonic: Really interesting. Thanks.
zhena gogolia
@West of the Rockies: Those who want to know, know everything.
West of the Rockies
@Chetan Murthy:
But then what, I wonder… they go home damaged (and maybe demented). They take it out on their wives and kids. Alcohol and PTSD and an almost genetic lack of humanity take hold. What kind of society is that?
Sting wondered if the Russians love their children, too. I hope so. But that heinous government and national criminal community just continues to cause ruin.
Jay
@West of the Rockies:
OB-118
@Carlo Graziani: An excellent read; the map of the known fortified positions on the ground lines of communication and also analysis of their vulnerability to flanking is particularly instructive to my mind. It could be that the Russians are stretched too thin to defend adequately the parts of Ukraine they still hold.
Chetan Murthy
Arthur Koestler on the Holodomor (and Soviet life): https://understandingsociety.blogspot.com/2022/11/koestlers-observations-of-soviet.html
via Understanding Society.
Tony G
@Alison Rose: Putin’s regime has been abusing its own soldiers for more than nine months now. I assume that a regime like Putin’s is inherently brittle — it will appear powerful until the day it collapses. I wonder when the Russian soldiers and their families will finally rebel? Or maybe I’m being too optimistic.
Tony G
@OB-118: “It could be that the Russians are stretched too thin to defend adequately the parts of Ukraine they still hold.” Gee. I thought that that was the problem that the mass forced conscription was supposed to have solve. Yet another cruel and incompetent maneuver by Putin.
Jay
@Tony G:
here is a soldier,
clinging to CT.
Carlo Graziani
@zhena gogolia: But many surely despair, or simply live in dull fear that doubt is unsafe.
This is Russia. You understand this better than most here. It is one of the hardest — and loneliest — places in the world to be a moral hero. If people are afraid to stand up to power in Russia, they may not deserve medals, but neither do they deserve our contempt.
Most of us have not lived with the fear of doing what’s right that they do. We should not assume that we would have the moral courage required by the occasion. The simple statistical evidence is that most people fail that test, irrespective of where they are born.
OB-118
@Tony G: Aye, that is one of the tragedies of this war. I hope that most of the recently-mobilized Russians choose safety in Ukraine.
Ken
Which of the mass forced conscriptions would that be? The one where they emptied the prisons, or the one that was of the general population? I may be forgetting one.
Chetan Murthy
TIL that Sikorsky (the famous heliicopter designer and inventor) was born in Kyiv. And fled Soviet Russia b/c the Bolsheviks threatened to shoot him. Every time I turn around, I learn about some other Ukrainian historical figure, or scientific figure, whom we all thought of as *Russian*.
West of the Rockies
@Carlo Graziani:
I encountered a handful of Russian students in my CC developmental English courses. They were good young people. It’s their government and national toxic masculinity, both of which promote criminality of all sorts that is poisoning the citizenry. That’s my take, anyway.
Jay
Jay
Jay
Jay
Jay
ian
@West of the Rockies:
I wish people wouldn’t think like this. There is no link here between genetics and the behavior we are seeing from the Russian military, it is all cultural. Thinking that societies behave in certain ways because of genetics or inherent traits is an ugly and inaccurate way of thinking about genes. If you took the sperm off some random Russian and raised the baby in Canada it wouldn’t turn out any different than any other Canadian.
Nothing personal, just that it is a terrible way of thinking about other nationalities.
bookworm1398
Adam, do you have any estimates for total killed, Russian and Ukrainian to date? I used to see those numbers in the news in the early days of the war, but lately there has been nothing.
Ruckus
@West of the Rockies:
I imagine that Russia is pretty much every man, woman and child for themselves these days. As it has been for a very long time. Seeing that 5 mile long traffic jam at the border when called up pretty much spelled it out for me, except I already knew that the oligarchs in Russia are ripping off everyone and vlad is the head oligarch.
Anoniminous
@Carlo Graziani:
Those things are a joke. Even in the US Civil War military engineers knew enough to create 360 degree emplacements to protect/guard ground lines of communications or at a minimum refuse the flanks by constructing trenches angled out from the main line of defense. Russians have historically sucked at military engineering and it appears the tradition continues.
West of the Rockies
@ian:
I said “almost”, which ( I hoped) indicated I do not think Russians are genuinely genetically evil.
When did their culture become so toxic do you think? Tolstoy’s War and Peace surely indicates a culture that was not wholly ruinous. There is a long tradition of great Russian artists and writers and thinkers. What and where did it go south?
ian
@West of the Rockies:
I don’t know enough to speculate, at least not with any accuracy.
I wasn’t trying to play ‘gotcha’ regarding your beliefs about it, just stating my opposition to thinking about peoples and nations in terms of genetics.
To steal a line from Another Scott, Cheers.
Redshift
@Chetan Murthy:
I suspect plenty of them are not in a position to surrender. If they’re not directly in combat, they would have to escape their position and get to the Ukrainian forces, not knowing exactly where they are. If they are on the front lines, they don’t know if they’ll be able to convey that they’re surrendering as they approach. I doubt it’s ever an easy decision, even if you trust that you’ll be treated well.
Anoniminous
@West of the Rockies:
The short answer:
The intellectual (intelligentsia) class was always very thin. Stalin put paid to most of them by murder, suppressing their writings, or both.
West of the Rockies
@Anoniminous:
That’s a grim but likely accurate observation. Fascists do not like people who think for themselves, who can imagine better ways of living.
No wonder the American right so revile academia, science, books…
Carlo Graziani
@Anoniminous: Yeah. There’s also an aspect of strategic incoherence to the whole thing, as if a half-formed order had been issued and half understood. It’s not clear whether they think they need to defend towards Crimea or Melitopol. Also, they’ve prepared all these defenses, but they’re shipping manpower east so they can’t really man them properly, so how does any of this make sense when they have a major offensive in progress in Donetsk drawing forces away from Kherson, as well as Prigozhin’s circus in Bakhmut?
Torrey
Andrew Weiss has written a graphic novel, The Accidental Czar: The Life and Lies of Vladimir Putin, delving into Putin’s background and the (possible) reasons behind his behavior. PBS Newshour has a pretty good interview with the author, including a summary of how Putin created a fake persona as a tough, disciplined KGB operativehere. Weiss observes that “there’s something about Ukraine that drives Putin into paroxysms of self-injury.”
Jay
lowtechcyclist
Apparently a shitload of Russian conscripts have come down with an unknown infectious disease at one of their mass training centers in Russia. (Too bad, so sad!) Thread here in Threadreader form for easy reading.
Apparently there’s a long history of stuff like this in Russia, which is hardly surprising once you think about it.
zhena gogolia
@Carlo Graziani: I agree with everything you say. Still I am devastated by what Russia has become.
zhena gogolia
@Jay: When Putler met with the “mothers” (mostly actors or activists), he went on about how everybody has to die some day.
HeartlandLiberal
If half of Congress weren’t paid off vassals of Putin and Russia, Congress should pass legislation declaring Russia a Terrorist State. They are committing war crimes by attacking civilians. They torture people. The kidnap children and relocated them. All defined as war crimes.
Jinchi
I’ve seen that written several times before. How do people know these women are actors or activists? Have they been identified?
Carlo Graziani
@Anoniminous: You know, now that I’ve slept on it, I can’t help wondering whether the prepared defenses along the roads leading east of Svatove-Kreminna are equally ineptly laid out. ISW’s imagery only covered Kherson oblast.
Frozen ground conditions forecast for late this week…
zhena gogolia
@Jinchi: Yes.
Armadillo
@adam silverman. I know this a day (or two) late, but thank you for adding the citation to Rob Lee (and DefMon3) the other day. And this update has citations to other sources of information as well. Thank you once again for your work on these updates.
Chetan Murthy
@HeartlandLiberal: I have read that the US laws on that sort of thing are pretty strict: a foreign entity doing business with a terrorist state instantly comes under sanction. And there are no exceptions for things like grain or other foodstuffs. Or fertilizer. This would impact our European allies, and apparently part of why we balk at applying the designation, is precisely that: we don’t want to end up sanctioning our own allies at this moment.
For instance, until even recently (maybe even now?) Gazprom sends gas to Europe thru a pipeline that transits … Ukraine.
beckya57
That first comment has such strong Russia WWI pre-Bolshevik revolution vibes (under-supported soldiers in field), and we all know how that turned out.
Torrey
@Jinchi: There are pictures of at least a couple of the women that either show them in different roles or else are actors’ headshots. I don’t recall exactly.